Evolution of the observed Lya luminosity function from z = 6.5 to z = 7.7: evidence for the epoch of reionization?
Identifieur interne : 005C73 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 005C72; suivant : 005C74Evolution of the observed Lya luminosity function from z = 6.5 to z = 7.7: evidence for the epoch of reionization?
Auteurs : B. Clement [France, États-Unis] ; J.-G. Cuby [France] ; F. Courbin [Suisse] ; A. Fontana [Italie] ; W. Freudling [Allemagne] ; J. Fynbo [Danemark] ; J. Gallego [Espagne] ; P. Hibon [États-Unis] ; J.-P. Kneib [France] ; O. Le Fevre [France] ; C. Lidman [Australie] ; R. Mcmahon [Royaume-Uni] ; B. Milvang-Jensen [Danemark] ; P. Moller [Allemagne] ; A. Moorwood [Allemagne] ; K. K. Nilsson [Allemagne] ; L. Pentericci [Italie] ; B. Venemans [Allemagne] ; V. Villar [Espagne] ; J. Willis [Canada]Source :
- Astronomy and astrophysics : (Berlin. Print) [ 0004-6361 ] ; 2012.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Wicri :
- topic : Cosmologie.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Aims. Lyα emitters (LAEs) can be detected out to very high redshifts during the epoch of reionization. The evolution of the LAE luminosity function with redshift is a direct probe of the Lyα transmission of the intergalactic medium (IGM), and therefore of the IGM neutral-hydrogen fraction. Measuring the Lyα luminosity function (LF) of Lyα emitters at redshift z = 7.7 therefore allows us to constrain the ionizing state of the Universe at this redshift. Methods. We observed three 7'.5 x 7:5 fields with the HAWK-I instrument at the VLT with a narrow band filter centred at 1.06 μm and targeting Lyα emitters at redshift z ˜ 7.7. The fields were chosen for the availability of multiwavelength data. One field is a galaxy cluster, the Bullet Cluster, which allowed us to use gravitational amplification to probe luminosities that are fainter than in the field. The two other fields are subareas of the GOODS Chandra Deep Field South and CFHTLS-D4 deep field. We selected z = 7.7 LAE candidates from a variety of colour criteria, in particular from the absence of detection in the optical bands. Results. We do not find any LAE candidates at z = 7.7 in ˜2.4 x 104 Mpc-3 down to a narrow band AB magnitude of ˜26, which allows us to infer robust constraints on the Lyα LAE luminosity function at this redshift. Conclusions. The predicted mean number of objects at z = 6.5, derived from somewhat different luminosity functions of Hu et al. (2010, ApJ, 725, 394), Ouchi et al. (2010, ApJ, 723, 869), and Kashikawa et al. (2011, ApJ, 734, 119) are 2.5, 13.7, and 11.6, respectively. Depending on which of these luminosity functions we refer to, we exclude a scenario with no evolution from z = 6.5 to z = 7.7 at 85% confidence without requiring a strong change in the IGM Lyα transmission, or at 99% confidence with a significant quenching of the IGM Lyα transmission, possibly from a strong increase in the high neutral-hydrogen fraction between these two redshifts.
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, Canada, Danemark, Espagne, France, Italie, Royaume-Uni, Suisse, États-Unis
- Communauté de Madrid, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
- Madrid, Marseille
- Université complutense de Madrid, Université d'Aix-Marseille
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Milvang-Jensen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Juliane Maries Vej 30</s1><s2>2100 Copenhagen 0</s2><s3>DNK</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Danemark</country><wicri:noRegion>2100 Copenhagen 0</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moller, P" sort="Moller, P" uniqKey="Moller P" first="P." last="Moller">P. Moller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse</s1><s2>85748 Garching bei München</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>85748 Garching bei München</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>85748 Garching bei München</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moorwood, A" sort="Moorwood, A" uniqKey="Moorwood A" first="A." last="Moorwood">A. Moorwood</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse</s1><s2>85748 Garching bei München</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>85748 Garching bei München</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>85748 Garching bei München</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nilsson, K K" sort="Nilsson, K K" uniqKey="Nilsson K" first="K. K." last="Nilsson">K. K. Nilsson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse</s1><s2>85748 Garching bei München</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>85748 Garching bei München</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>85748 Garching bei München</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pentericci, L" sort="Pentericci, L" uniqKey="Pentericci L" first="L." last="Pentericci">L. Pentericci</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via Frascati 33</s1><s2>00040 Monteporzio (RM)</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>00040 Monteporzio (RM)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Venemans, B" sort="Venemans, B" uniqKey="Venemans B" first="B." last="Venemans">B. Venemans</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse</s1><s2>85748 Garching bei München</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>85748 Garching bei München</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>85748 Garching bei München</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villar, V" sort="Villar, V" uniqKey="Villar V" first="V." last="Villar">V. Villar</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Departamento de Astrofisica, Facultad de CC, Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid</s1><s2>28040 Madrid</s2><s3>ESP</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Espagne</country><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Communauté de Madrid</region><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université complutense de Madrid</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willis, J" sort="Willis, J" uniqKey="Willis J" first="J." last="Willis">J. Willis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Elliot Building, 3800 Finnerty Road</s1><s2>Victoria, BC, V8P 1A1</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Victoria, BC, V8P 1A1</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">12-0177723</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 12-0177723 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:12-0177723</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">001475</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">004A37</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">001146</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001146</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0004-6361:2012:Clement B:evolution:of:the</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">005F81</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">005C73</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">005C73</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Evolution of the observed Lya luminosity function from z = 6.5 to z = 7.7: evidence for the epoch of reionization?</title><author><name sortKey="Clement, B" sort="Clement, B" uniqKey="Clement B" first="B." last="Clement">B. Clement</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, CNRS UMR 7326, Université d'Aix-Marseille, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie</s1><s2>13388 Marseille</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Aix-Marseille</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave</s1><s2>Tucson, AZ 85721</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Tucson, AZ 85721</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cuby, J G" sort="Cuby, J G" uniqKey="Cuby J" first="J.-G." last="Cuby">J.-G. Cuby</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, CNRS UMR 7326, Université d'Aix-Marseille, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie</s1><s2>13388 Marseille</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>13388 Marseille</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Aix-Marseille</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Courbin, F" sort="Courbin, F" uniqKey="Courbin F" first="F." last="Courbin">F. Courbin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Laboratoire d'astrophysique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny</s1><s2>1290 Versoix</s2><s3>CHE</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Suisse</country><wicri:noRegion>1290 Versoix</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fontana, A" sort="Fontana, A" uniqKey="Fontana A" first="A." last="Fontana">A. Fontana</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via Frascati 33</s1><s2>00040 Monteporzio (RM)</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>00040 Monteporzio (RM)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Freudling, W" sort="Freudling, W" uniqKey="Freudling W" first="W." last="Freudling">W. Freudling</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse</s1><s2>85748 Garching bei München</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>85748 Garching bei München</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>85748 Garching bei München</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fynbo, J" sort="Fynbo, J" uniqKey="Fynbo J" first="J." last="Fynbo">J. Fynbo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Juliane Maries Vej 30</s1><s2>2100 Copenhagen 0</s2><s3>DNK</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Danemark</country><wicri:noRegion>2100 Copenhagen 0</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gallego, J" sort="Gallego, J" uniqKey="Gallego J" first="J." last="Gallego">J. Gallego</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Departamento de Astrofisica, Facultad de CC, Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid</s1><s2>28040 Madrid</s2><s3>ESP</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Espagne</country><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Communauté de Madrid</region><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université complutense de Madrid</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hibon, P" sort="Hibon, P" uniqKey="Hibon P" first="P." last="Hibon">P. Hibon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University</s1><s2>Tempe, AZ 85287</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Tempe, AZ 85287</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kneib, J P" sort="Kneib, J P" uniqKey="Kneib J" first="J.-P." last="Kneib">J.-P. Kneib</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, CNRS UMR 7326, Université d'Aix-Marseille, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie</s1><s2>13388 Marseille</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>13388 Marseille</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Aix-Marseille</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Fevre, O" sort="Le Fevre, O" uniqKey="Le Fevre O" first="O." last="Le Fevre">O. Le Fevre</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, CNRS UMR 7326, Université d'Aix-Marseille, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie</s1><s2>13388 Marseille</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country><wicri:noRegion>13388 Marseille</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</region><settlement type="city">Marseille</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université d'Aix-Marseille</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lidman, C" sort="Lidman, C" uniqKey="Lidman C" first="C." last="Lidman">C. Lidman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Australian Astronomical Observatory</s1><s2>Epping, NSW 1710</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country><wicri:noRegion>Australian Astronomical Observatory</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcmahon, R" sort="Mcmahon, R" uniqKey="Mcmahon R" first="R." last="Mcmahon">R. Mcmahon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road</s1><s2>Cambridge CB3 0HA</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Cambridge CB3 0HA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Milvang Jensen, B" sort="Milvang Jensen, B" uniqKey="Milvang Jensen B" first="B." last="Milvang-Jensen">B. Milvang-Jensen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Juliane Maries Vej 30</s1><s2>2100 Copenhagen 0</s2><s3>DNK</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Danemark</country><wicri:noRegion>2100 Copenhagen 0</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moller, P" sort="Moller, P" uniqKey="Moller P" first="P." last="Moller">P. Moller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse</s1><s2>85748 Garching bei München</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>85748 Garching bei München</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>85748 Garching bei München</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moorwood, A" sort="Moorwood, A" uniqKey="Moorwood A" first="A." last="Moorwood">A. Moorwood</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse</s1><s2>85748 Garching bei München</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>85748 Garching bei München</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>85748 Garching bei München</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nilsson, K K" sort="Nilsson, K K" uniqKey="Nilsson K" first="K. K." last="Nilsson">K. K. Nilsson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse</s1><s2>85748 Garching bei München</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>85748 Garching bei München</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>85748 Garching bei München</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pentericci, L" sort="Pentericci, L" uniqKey="Pentericci L" first="L." last="Pentericci">L. Pentericci</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via Frascati 33</s1><s2>00040 Monteporzio (RM)</s2><s3>ITA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>17 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Italie</country><wicri:noRegion>00040 Monteporzio (RM)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Venemans, B" sort="Venemans, B" uniqKey="Venemans B" first="B." last="Venemans">B. Venemans</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse</s1><s2>85748 Garching bei München</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>14 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>85748 Garching bei München</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>85748 Garching bei München</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villar, V" sort="Villar, V" uniqKey="Villar V" first="V." last="Villar">V. Villar</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Departamento de Astrofisica, Facultad de CC, Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid</s1><s2>28040 Madrid</s2><s3>ESP</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Espagne</country><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Communauté de Madrid</region><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université complutense de Madrid</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willis, J" sort="Willis, J" uniqKey="Willis J" first="J." last="Willis">J. Willis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Elliot Building, 3800 Finnerty Road</s1><s2>Victoria, BC, V8P 1A1</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Victoria, BC, V8P 1A1</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Astronomy and astrophysics : (Berlin. Print)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Astron. astrophys. : (Berl., Print)</title><idno type="ISSN">0004-6361</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Astronomy and astrophysics : (Berlin. Print)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Astron. astrophys. : (Berl., Print)</title><idno type="ISSN">0004-6361</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Age</term><term>Amplification</term><term>Color</term><term>Cosmology</term><term>Early universe</term><term>Galaxies</term><term>Galaxy clusters</term><term>Image processing</term><term>Intergalactic matter</term><term>Luminosity</term><term>Luminosity function</term><term>Mass function</term><term>Neutral hydrogen</term><term>Red shift</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Fonction luminosité</term><term>Déplacement vers le rouge</term><term>Matière intergalactique</term><term>Hydrogène neutre</term><term>Amas galaxies</term><term>Amplification</term><term>Luminosité</term><term>Couleur</term><term>Univers primordial</term><term>Galaxies</term><term>Traitement image</term><term>Fonction masse</term><term>Age</term><term>Cosmologie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cosmologie</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Aims. Lyα emitters (LAEs) can be detected out to very high redshifts during the epoch of reionization. The evolution of the LAE luminosity function with redshift is a direct probe of the Lyα transmission of the intergalactic medium (IGM), and therefore of the IGM neutral-hydrogen fraction. Measuring the Lyα luminosity function (LF) of Lyα emitters at redshift z = 7.7 therefore allows us to constrain the ionizing state of the Universe at this redshift. Methods. We observed three 7'.5 x 7:5 fields with the HAWK-I instrument at the VLT with a narrow band filter centred at 1.06 μm and targeting Lyα emitters at redshift z ˜ 7.7. The fields were chosen for the availability of multiwavelength data. One field is a galaxy cluster, the Bullet Cluster, which allowed us to use gravitational amplification to probe luminosities that are fainter than in the field. The two other fields are subareas of the GOODS Chandra Deep Field South and CFHTLS-D4 deep field. We selected z = 7.7 LAE candidates from a variety of colour criteria, in particular from the absence of detection in the optical bands. Results. We do not find any LAE candidates at z = 7.7 in ˜2.4 x 10<sup>4</sup> Mpc<sup>-3</sup> down to a narrow band AB magnitude of ˜26, which allows us to infer robust constraints on the Lyα LAE luminosity function at this redshift. Conclusions. The predicted mean number of objects at z = 6.5, derived from somewhat different luminosity functions of Hu et al. (2010, ApJ, 725, 394), Ouchi et al. (2010, ApJ, 723, 869), and Kashikawa et al. (2011, ApJ, 734, 119) are 2.5, 13.7, and 11.6, respectively. Depending on which of these luminosity functions we refer to, we exclude a scenario with no evolution from z = 6.5 to z = 7.7 at 85% confidence without requiring a strong change in the IGM Lyα transmission, or at 99% confidence with a significant quenching of the IGM Lyα transmission, possibly from a strong increase in the high neutral-hydrogen fraction between these two redshifts.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Australie</li><li>Canada</li><li>Danemark</li><li>Espagne</li><li>France</li><li>Italie</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Suisse</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Communauté de Madrid</li><li>Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur</li></region><settlement><li>Madrid</li><li>Marseille</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université complutense de Madrid</li><li>Université d'Aix-Marseille</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="France"><region name="Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur"><name sortKey="Clement, B" sort="Clement, B" uniqKey="Clement B" first="B." last="Clement">B. Clement</name></region><name sortKey="Cuby, J G" sort="Cuby, J G" uniqKey="Cuby J" first="J.-G." last="Cuby">J.-G. Cuby</name><name sortKey="Kneib, J P" sort="Kneib, J P" uniqKey="Kneib J" first="J.-P." last="Kneib">J.-P. Kneib</name><name sortKey="Le Fevre, O" sort="Le Fevre, O" uniqKey="Le Fevre O" first="O." last="Le Fevre">O. Le Fevre</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Clement, B" sort="Clement, B" uniqKey="Clement B" first="B." last="Clement">B. Clement</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Hibon, P" sort="Hibon, P" uniqKey="Hibon P" first="P." last="Hibon">P. Hibon</name></country><country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Courbin, F" sort="Courbin, F" uniqKey="Courbin F" first="F." last="Courbin">F. Courbin</name></noRegion></country><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Fontana, A" sort="Fontana, A" uniqKey="Fontana A" first="A." last="Fontana">A. Fontana</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Pentericci, L" sort="Pentericci, L" uniqKey="Pentericci L" first="L." last="Pentericci">L. Pentericci</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Freudling, W" sort="Freudling, W" uniqKey="Freudling W" first="W." last="Freudling">W. Freudling</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Moller, P" sort="Moller, P" uniqKey="Moller P" first="P." last="Moller">P. Moller</name><name sortKey="Moorwood, A" sort="Moorwood, A" uniqKey="Moorwood A" first="A." last="Moorwood">A. Moorwood</name><name sortKey="Nilsson, K K" sort="Nilsson, K K" uniqKey="Nilsson K" first="K. K." last="Nilsson">K. K. Nilsson</name><name sortKey="Venemans, B" sort="Venemans, B" uniqKey="Venemans B" first="B." last="Venemans">B. Venemans</name></country><country name="Danemark"><noRegion><name sortKey="Fynbo, J" sort="Fynbo, J" uniqKey="Fynbo J" first="J." last="Fynbo">J. Fynbo</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Milvang Jensen, B" sort="Milvang Jensen, B" uniqKey="Milvang Jensen B" first="B." last="Milvang-Jensen">B. Milvang-Jensen</name></country><country name="Espagne"><region name="Communauté de Madrid"><name sortKey="Gallego, J" sort="Gallego, J" uniqKey="Gallego J" first="J." last="Gallego">J. Gallego</name></region><name sortKey="Villar, V" sort="Villar, V" uniqKey="Villar V" first="V." last="Villar">V. Villar</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lidman, C" sort="Lidman, C" uniqKey="Lidman C" first="C." last="Lidman">C. Lidman</name></noRegion></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mcmahon, R" sort="Mcmahon, R" uniqKey="Mcmahon R" first="R." last="Mcmahon">R. Mcmahon</name></noRegion></country><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Willis, J" sort="Willis, J" uniqKey="Willis J" first="J." last="Willis">J. 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